Ukushisela ngokuxova nangokungqubuzana: ukushisela ngezindleko eziphansi izinto ezincibilika ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu njengamapuleti ensimbi

Isikhathi sokushicilelwa:

2025-06-11

I-Honda yathuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa insimbi nengxube ye-aluminium ngokushisela ngokungqubuzana nokunyakazisa obufanele ukukhiqiza ngobuningi. I-Tohoku University yase-Japan ne-Hitachi bathuthukisa ithuluzi lokunyakazisa lengxube ye-cobalt elikwazi ukushisela izinsimbi ezincibilika emazingeni aphezulu, njengensimbi ne-titanium. Ukusetshenziswa kokushisela ngokungqubuzana nokunyakazisa (FSW: Friction Stir Welding), ngaphambili ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi okwakukhawulelwe ezingxubeni ezincibilika emazingeni aphansi njenge-aluminium, ithusi ne-magnesium, sekuqala ukunabela ezinsimbini ezincibilika emazingeni aphezulu njengensimbi*1.

*1 Ngaphansi kwengcindezi evamile yomkhathi, i-aluminium incibilika ku-660℃, ithusi ku-1083℃ ne-magnesium ku-651℃. Kodwa insimbi ifinyelela ku-1539℃, kanti i-titanium ifinyelela ku-1727℃.

Ukushisa kokungqubuzana kuthambisa insimbi ibe njengenhlama enamathelayo

Ukushisela ngokuxova nangokungqubuzana kuwubuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa ikhanda eliyisilinda elinento ephumile ekugcineni, iphini lokuxova, libekwe ngenhla kwendawo ezoshiselwa yamapuleti amabili ayisisekelo ahlangene emaphethelweni noma agqagqene. Ikhanda liyajikeleza liphinde licindezele, lishisele la mapuleti ndawonye.

Ukushisa kokungqubuzana phakathi kwephini lokuxova elijikelezayo nepuleti kuthambisa insimbi ezungeze iphini ibe njengenhlama enamathelayo, okwenza iphini elijikelezayo lingene epuletini. Insimbi ethambile ezungeze iphini ibe isixubana ngokugeleza lapho isathambile, yenza amapuleti amabili ensimbi abe yinto eyodwa, noma kwakheke izibopho zensimbi endaweni yokuhlangana kwamapuleti womabili, nawo abe yinto eyodwa.

Phambilini bekungekho amakhanda okuxuba amelana nokushisa okuphezulu

Ukushisela ngokuxova nangokungqubuzana kunezinzuzo ezine ezilandelayo: (1) njengoba kushisela ngaphandle kokuncibilikisa insimbi eyisisekelo, okungukushisela isaqinile, ukuguquka kokuma namaphutha ngemva kokushisela kuncane, ngakho kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo futhi kwehlise izindleko; (2) konga amandla kunokushisela ngokuncibilikisa; (3) akudingi igesi yokuvikela; (4) umsindo mncane futhi akukhiqizi uthuli. Lobu buchwepheshe buphinde busebenze kakhulu ekushiseleni izinto ezingafani, ngakho buheha ukunakwa embonini futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ngokukhetha impahla efanele endaweni ngayinye kufezeke imiphumela efana nokunciphisa isisindo *2. Kodwa njengoba kuchaziwe ekuqaleni kwesihloko, ngaphambili izinto ezazingashiselwa ngale ndlela ngezinga lokukhiqiza ngobuningi zazilinganiselwe ezinsimbini ezincibilika ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi.

*2 Uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisela okuncibilikisa insimbi eyisisekelo, okuwukushisela kwesigaba esiwuketshezi, ukushisela ngokuxova ngokungqubuzana kusebenza ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi futhi kwenza kube lula ukulawula ukushisa okufakwayo ngokusetha izimo zokushisela. Ngakho kulula ukunciphisa ukwakheka kwezinhlanganisela eziphakathi kwezinsimbi, okuyimbangela enkulu yokwehla kwamandla endawo eshiselwe. Ukunciphisa ukujiya kongqimba lwalezi zinhlanganisela kungakhulisa amandla endawo eshiselwe. Ekushiseleni ngokuxova ngokungqubuzana, ukuxova ngokweqile nakho kudala inqwaba yezinhlanganisela eziphakathi kwezinsimbi.

Isizathu sokuthi ngaphambili ukushisela ngokuxova nangokungqubuzana kwakusetshenziswa ezinsimbini ezincibilika ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi kuphela kwakuwukushoda kwamakhanda okuxova ashibhile amelana nokushisa okuphezulu futhi afanele ukukhiqiza ngobuningi. Lapho kushiselwa ama-alloy e-aluminiyamu ngale ndlela, kuvame ukusetshenziswa amakhanda enziwe ngezinsimbi ezifana nensimbi yamathuluzi. Uma la makhanda eshisela izinsimbi ezincibilika ezingeni eliphezulu, njengensimbi nama-alloy e-titanium, ikhanda lokuxova nalo liyathamba emazingeni okushisa athambisa lezo zinsimbi, liguge kakhulu lingasasebenziseki. Nakuba sekuthuthukiswe amakhanda ngezinto ezingezona ezensimbi evamile, njengezinto zobumba zobuchwepheshe nama-alloy e-tungsten-rhenium, amanani awo aphakeme kakhulu futhi awafanele ukukhiqiza ngobuningi.

Ukuveza indawo entsha yensimbi ngaphandle kokuyixova

Ubuchwepheshe be-Honda bokushisela insimbi nengxube ye-aluminium ngokungqubuzana nokunyakazisa buhlanganisa izisekelo zalezi zinsimbi ezibekwe zagqagqana. Isici esikhulu ukuthi kunyakaziswa ingxube ye-aluminium kuphela, insimbi inganyakaziswa (umdwebo ongezansi emdwebeni 1). Lokhu kuvimbela ukuthi izinga lokushisa lethuluzi lokunyakazisa likhuphuke ngokweqile.

Insimbi ne-alloy ye-aluminiyamu kungashiselwa ndawonye ngaphandle kokuxova insimbi ngoba kwakheka izibopho zensimbi phakathi kwazo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ubuchwepheshe abuxovi insimbi, kodwa bususa ungqimba lokumboza nongqimba lwe-oxide ebusweni bayo. Ngale ndlela, indawo entsha yensimbi iyavezwa, kwakheke izibopho zensimbi phakathi kwayo ne-alloy ye-aluminiyamu eyenziwe yasebenza kakhulu ngokuxova. Lezi zibopho zenza insimbi ne-alloy ye-aluminiyamu kube yinto eyodwa *3.

*3 Uma amanzi nokunye kungena phakathi kwensimbi ne-alloy ye-aluminium, kuba nokugqwala okubangelwa ukuthintana kwezinsimbi ezahlukene (ukugqwala ngogesi). Lobu buchwepheshe buvimbela lokhu ngokufaka ifilimu ye-silicon phakathi kwensimbi ne-alloy ye-aluminium.

I-Honda yasebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe kuhlaka olungaphansi lwangaphambili lwe-“Accord” entsha yemakethe yaseNyakatho Melika, yazuza imiphumela ehlukahlukene (umdwebo 2). Isisindo sehla ngo-25％ uma kuqhathaniswa nohlaka lwangaphambili lwensimbi, kanti ugesi osetshenziswa ekushiseleni wehla cishe ngo-50％. Lobu buchwepheshe baphinde bashintsha ukwakheka kohlaka nezindawo zokufaka ukumiswa kwamasondo, kwandisa ukuqina kwalezo zindawo ngo-20％, kwasiza ukuthuthukisa indlela imoto eshayeleka ngayo.

Ukwandisa izindawo zokusetshenziswa ngezinto ezintsha

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Tohoku University, i-Hitachi ne-Hitachi Metals Precision zakha ithuluzi lokushisela ngokungqubuzana nokunyakazisa elimelana nokushisa okuphezulu nelinenani eliphansi, zandisa ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwalokhu kushisela (isithombe 3). Impahla yaleli thuluzi yathuthukiswa ngokubambisana yi-Tohoku University ne-Hitachi, kanti ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ngobuningi le mpahla naleli thuluzi (elingumkhiqizo obunjiwe ngokuthela) bathuthukiswa ngempumelelo yi-Hitachi ne-Hitachi Metals Precision. Leli thuluzi lingasetshenziselwa ukushisela ngokungqubuzana nokunyakazisa izinsimbi ezinamazinga aphezulu okuncibilika njengensimbi, ingxubevange ye-titanium nengxubevange ye-zirconium; ukuthengiswa kwakuhlelwe ukuqala ekwindla lika-2013. Nakuba i-Hitachi Metals Precision yathi “intengo isazoxoxwa kamuva”, kwakulindelwe ukuthi ibekwe ebangeni elifanele ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi.

Impahla eyakhiwe yi-Tohoku University nabanye yethuluzi elixova ekushiseleni ngokukhuhlana nokuxova iyingxube yensimbi ye-cobalt, enezinhlanganisela eziphakathi kwezinsimbi ezisabalele ngaphakathi, ezigcina amandla aphezulu ngisho nasekushiseni okuphezulu. Ngokuqondile, i-Co3(Al,W) isatshalaliswe engxubeni esekelwe ku-cobalt. Okusemqoka ukwenza i-Co3(Al,W) isabalale ibe yizinhlayiya ezincane ngokulinganayo, bese inani layo elisatshalalisiwe nokuma kwemingcele yezinhlamvu kusondela esimweni esifiselekayo. Ngalokhu, kusetshenziswa ukwakheka kwempahla nezindlela zokuphathwa ngokushisa ezifanele ngokwengeziwe.

Izinto okwamanje ezihloselwe leli thuluzi lokuxuba zihlanganisa insimbi yekhabhoni, insimbi enamandla aphezulu okudonseka, ingxube ye-titanium (Ti-6Al-4V nokunye), i-titanium emsulwa nezingxube zethusi. Nakuba ezinye izinto zinzima ukuzisebenzisa ngaleli thuluzi ngenxa yamandla nobukhulu nokunye, ngokuvamile izinto ezishiselwayo yilezo lapho izinga lokushisa lethuluzi lokuxuba (lokuhlanganisa) ekushiseleni ngokungqubuzana nokuxuba lifinyelela cishe ku-1000℃.

Ikhasi eledlule

Ukuthuthukiswa ngempumelelo kwe-Jufudun, isivimbeli sokugqwala esizilungisayo, ukuze kwelulwe impilo yemizimba yensimbi

FCSE | Imingcele yocwaningo: izingqimba zokuvikela ukugqwala “ezizilungisayo” eziqhutshwa ukukhanya kwelanga

Ikhasi elilandelayo

Ikhasi eledlule:

Ukuthuthukiswa ngempumelelo kwe-Jufudun, isivimbeli sokugqwala esizilungisayo, ukuze kwelulwe impilo yemizimba yensimbi

Ikhasi elilandelayo:

FCSE | Imingcele yocwaningo: izingqimba zokuvikela ukugqwala “ezizilungisayo” eziqhutshwa ukukhanya kwelanga

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